常用术语 Glossary | 世界柑橘品种

A

锐尖acumen：(n)先端apex

渐尖的acuminate：(adj) 尖尖的，有凹边的 sharply pointed with concave sides

尖尖的acute：(adj) 以尖尖结尾的 ending in a tapered point

吻合的anastomosing：(adj) 叶脉，分支，然后重新连接 in terms of leaf veins, branching, then reconnecting

环形的annular：(adj) 环状的 ring-like

区域areole：(n) 一个已定义的区域；在柑橘属植物中，围绕花柱疤痕(花柱从子房脱离后留下的痕迹)的沟槽 a defined region; in Citrus, a furrow surrounding the stylar scar (the mark left from the detachment of the style from the ovary)

铰接的articulated：(adj) 有关节的 jointed

腋生的axillary：(adj) 从茎和叶之间的接合处伸出的 extending from the juncture between the stem and the leaf

B

叶片blade：(n) 叶片的平坦、宽阔的部分 the flat, broad portion of a leaf

苞片bract：(n) 叶状的退化结构，附着在花或花序的基部 reduced leaf-like structure, attached to the base of a flower or inflorescence

苞片的bracteate：(adj) 有苞片的 possessing bracts

起泡的bullate：(adj) 表面起泡的 possessing a blistered surface

C

早落的 caducous：(adj) 早脱落的 detaching early

头状的 capitate：(adj) 头状的 shaped like a head

头状的 carinate：(adj) 有龙骨的 possessing a keel

肉味的 carnose：(adj) 肉质的 fleshy

低出叶 cataphyll：(n) 一个退化的叶 a reduced leaf

合点 chalazal：(adj) 与被皮和心的连接点有关 pertaining to the point of connection for the integument and nucellus

有纤毛的ciliate：(adj) 沿边缘有毛 possessing hairs along the margin

棒状的clavate：(adj) 棒状的 club-like

颈collar：(n) 环绕但不包括柑桔果实基部的凸起的环。这种结构在不同品种之间的存在和突出程度各不相同。参见：Webber, H.J. and L.D. Batchelor(编)的图4-2。1943. 柑橘产业。第一卷：历史、植物学和育种。加州大学出版社，伯克利和洛杉矶。a raised ring surrounding but not including the base of the Citrus fruit. This structure varies in presence and prominence between cultivars. See also： figure 4-2 in Webber, H.J. and L.D. Batchelor (eds.). 1943. The Citrus industry. Vol. I. History, botany, and breeding. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles.

重瓣的 conduplicate：(adj) 边缘向上弯曲(强重瓣的叶子几乎折叠) with the margins curving upwards (leaves that are strongly conduplicate are nearly folded)

合生的 connate：(adj)合生的，特指相似的部分(例如，合生的花冠由合生的花瓣组成) fused, specifically in reference to like parts (e.g., a fused corolla is composed of connate petals)

心形的 cordate：(adj) heart-shaped

革质的 coriaceous： (adj)革质的leathery in texture

伞房花序 corymb：(n) 不确定的花序，其中花梗从单轴出现，上部花梗比下部花梗短，形成平顶或圆形 an indeterminate inflorescence in which the pedicels emerge from a single axis and the upper pedicels are shorter than the lower ones, resulting in a flat-topped or rounded shape

圆齿的 crenate：(adj) 扇形的 scalloped

有圆齿的 crenulate：(adj) 小扇形的 minutely scalloped

楔形的 cuneiform：(adj) 楔形的，三角形的 wedge-like, triangular

杯状的cupulate：(adj) 杯状的 cup-like

杯形的 cyathiform：(adj) 形似杯子的 shaped like a cup

聚伞花序cyme：(n) 一种圆锥状的，确定的花序，花梗从一个点出现，中间(或顶生)的花最先开放，形成平顶或圆形 a panicle-like, determinate inflorescence in which pedicels emerge from a single point, and in which the central (or terminal) flower is the first to open, creating a flat-topped or rounded shape

D

落叶的 deciduous：(adj) 脱落的 falling off

有齿的 dentate：(adj)有齿的 toothed

二态的 dimorphic：(adj) 具有两种不同形式的 possessing two different forms

盘状的discoid：(adj)盘状的 disk-like

E

拉长的 elongate：(adj)延长的extended

顶端微凹的 emarginate：(adj)有缺口的，有尖锐的凹痕的(通常)。(参照顶点) notched, with a sharp indentation (usu. in reference to an apex)

内果皮endocarp：(n)果皮最里面的一层 the innermost layer of the pericarp

全缘 entire：(adj)缺乏齿或刺，当涉及叶或小叶边缘 lacking teeth or spines, when in reference to leaf or leaflet margins

附生的 epigeous：(adj) 一种种子发芽的形式，子叶从地下长出来 a form of seedling germination in which the cotyledons emerge from underground

附生的 epigynous：(adj)子房位于雄蕊、花瓣和萼片附着点以下的一种状态 a state in which the ovary is situated below the point of attachment for stamens, petals, and sepals

直立的 erectopatent： (adj) 站得不十分笔直的 not quite standing straight up

外果皮 exocarp：(n) 果皮的最外层 the outermost layer of the pericarp

F

镰刀状的 falcate：(adj) 镰刀状的 sickle-shaped

弯曲的 flexuose：(adj) 弯曲的或曲折的bending or zig-zagging

具小叶的foliolate：指复叶中小叶的数量的后缀(例如，有五个小叶的复叶是5叶) suffix referring to the number of leaflets in a compound leaf (e.g., a compound leaf with five leaflets is 5-foliolate)

梭形 fusiform：(adj) 两端逐渐变细，中间是最宽的点 tapering at both ends, with the middle being the widest point

G

后脱落 glabrescent：(adj)具很少的小毛;近无毛或逐渐无毛 with very few small hairs; nearly glabrous or becoming glabrous

无毛的 glabrous：(adj)没有毛的 lacking hairs

具腺点的 glandular-punctate：(adj)具腺点 dotted with glands

白霜的glaucous：(adj)有一层蓝色或灰色的蜡状涂层 with a bluish or greyish waxy coating

球形的 globose：(adj)球形的 spherical

雌蕊柄 gynophore：(n)雌蕊柄(不总是存在) a pistil stalk (not always present)

H

门 hilum：(n)种子上的疤痕，代表它与胚珠柄的附着点 the scar on a seed representing its point of attachment to the ovule stalk

多毛的 hirsute：(adj)有硬毛的 possessing stiff hairs

透明的 hyaline：(adj)膜状的，透明的或半透明的 membranous and either transparent or translucent

下生的 hypogeous：(adj)种子发芽的一种形式，其中子叶留在地下 a form of seedling germination in which the cotyledons remain underground

下生 hypogynous：(adj)子房位于雄蕊、花瓣和萼片附着点之上的一种状态 a state in which the ovary is situated above the point of attachment for stamens, petals, and sepals

I

叠瓦状的 imbricate：(adj)多层重叠的，如屋顶上的瓦 in multiple, overlapping layers, as shingles on a roof

无翅片的 imparipinnate：(adj)奇数羽状的，即有顶生小叶 odd-pinnate, i.e., having a terminal leaflet

相等的isomerous：(adj)每轮花的部分数量相等的(例如，有六个花瓣、六个萼片等的花是相等的)。 having an equal number of each whorl of floral parts (e.g., a flower with six petals, six sepals, etc. is isomerous)

L

披针形的 lanceolate：(adj)矛形的 lance-shaped

线形的 linear：(adj)又长又窄的；线形 long and narrow; line-shaped

溶解性的 lysigenous：(adj)由细胞破坏引起的 resulting from cellular destruction

M

乳突 mammilla：(n)紧围绕并包括柑橘类水果顶端的凸起区域。这种结构也被称为乳头，主要存在于柠檬、酸橙和香橼中。 a raised area immediately surrounding and including the apex of a Citrus fruit. This structure may also be called a nipple, and is primarily found in lemons, limes, and citrons.

边缘 margin：(n)叶或小叶叶片的边缘 the edge of a leaf or leaflet blade

merous：指花轮内的部分数量的后缀(例如，有四个萼片的花萼被称为4-merous)。suffix referring to the number of parts within a floral whorl (e.g., a calyx with four sepals would be referred to as 4-merous)

中果皮 mesocarp：(n) 果皮的中间层 the middle layer of the pericarp

单胚胎的 monoembryonic：(adj)只有一个胚胎的 possessing one embryo

短尖的 mucronate：(adj)以短而硬的尖突然结束的 ending abruptly in a short, stiff point

短乳状的 mucronulate：(adj)突然结束于一个非常短的，坚硬的尖 ending abruptly in a very short, stiff point

乳突 mammilla：(n)紧围绕并包括柑橘类水果顶端的凸起区域。这种结构也被称为乳头，主要存在于柠檬、酸橙和香橼中。a raised area immediately surrounding and including the apex of a Citrus fruit. This structure may also be called a nipple, and is primarily found in lemons, limes, and citrons.

N

脐navel：(n)退化的第二果，形成于一些柑橘类水果的顶端(远端) a vestigial second fruit, formed at the distal end of some Citrus fruits

颈部 neck：(n)紧围绕并包括柑橘类水果基部的凸起区域。这种结构在不同品种之间的存在和突出程度各不相同。参见：Webber, H.J. and L.D. Batchelor(编)中的图4-2。1943. 柑橘产业。第一卷：历史、植物学和育种。加州大学出版社，伯克利和洛杉矶。a raised area immediately surrounding and including the base of a Citrus fruit. This structure varies in presence and prominence between cultivars. See also figure 4-2 in： Webber, H.J. and L.D. Batchelor (eds.). 1943. The Citrus industry. Vol. I. History, botany, and breeding. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles.

O

倒立的 obcuneate：(adj)倒立的三角形，有宽的先端和窄的基部 inversely triangular, with a broad apex and narrow base

扁圆的 oblate：(adj)球形的，但两端是平的 sphere-shaped, but flattened at opposite ends

斜的 oblique：(adj)不相等的；不对称 unequal; asymmetrical

长方形的 oblong：(adj)边长平行，整体尺寸是宽度的2-4倍 shaped such that the sides are parallel, and the overall dimensions are such that the length is 2-4 times more than the width

钝角的obtuse：(adj)钝的，并以大于90度的角相交 blunt and coming together at a greater than 90 degree angle

卵形的 ovoid：(adj)在三维空间内呈蛋形的 egg-shaped within three dimensions

P

被鳞片的 paleate：(adj)有羽状鳞片的 possessing chaffy scales

栅栏 palisade：(n)叶肉内紧密排列在一起的一系列细胞 series of cells within the leaf mesophyll that are tighly packed together

掌状复合的 palmately compound：(adj)由附着在叶柄末端的共同点上的小叶组成的consisting of leaflets attached to a common point on the end of the petiole

圆锥花序 panicle：(n) 一不确定，复合总状花序 an indeterminate, compound raceme

乳头 papilla：(n)小肿块 a small bump

薄壁组织 parenchyma：(n)由致密的、未分化的细胞组成的植物组织 plant tissue consisting of compact, undifferentiated cells

花梗 pedicel：(n)花梗 the flower stalk

透明的 pellucid：(adj)透明的或半透明的 transparent or translucent

盾状的 peltate：(adj)有叶柄附着在叶片的背面而不是边缘 having the petiole attached to the abaxial surface of the leaf blade rather than to the margin

下垂的 pendulous：(adj)下垂的 drooping

果皮 pericarp：(n)果实由子房壁发育而成的部分，由外果皮(外层)、中果皮(中间层)和内果皮(内层)组成。 the part of the fruit developing from the ovary wall, and consisting of exocarp (outer layer), mesocarp (middle layer), and endocarp (inner layer)

持久的 persistent：(adj)保持附着而不脱落的 remaining attached instead of falling off

叶柄 petiole：(n)叶柄 the leaf stalk

叶柄 petiolule：(n)小叶柄 a leaflet stalk

羽状复合的 pinnately compound：(adj)由沿轴排列的小叶组成，使人联想到羽毛 consisting of leaflets arranged along a rachis in a fashion reminiscent of a feather

平凸的plano-convex：(adj)一边是平的，而另一边是圆的flat on one side, while rounded on the opposite side

胚芽 plumule：(n)发育成茎的胚胎组织 the embryonic tissue that develops into the shoot

多胚胎的 polyembryonic：(adj)包含一个以上胚胎的 containing more than one embryo

枝刺 prickle：(n)尖锐的表皮外生物 a sharp epidermal outgrowth

短柔毛的 pubescent：(adj)有毛的 having hairs

梨形的 pyriform：(adj)梨形的 pear-shaped

R

总状花序 raceme：(n)不确定的花序，花梗从单一的中心轴(轴)上分枝。 an indeterminate inflorescence with pedicels branching off a single central axis (the rachis)

轴 rachis：(n)复叶的中轴，或花序的中轴 the central axis of a compound leaf, or the central axis of an inflorescence

胚根 radicle：(n)发育成根的胚胎组织 the embryonic tissue that develops into the root

弯曲的 recurved：(adj)向下或向后弯曲的 curved downward or backward

网状的 reticulate：(adj)具网状脉 with net-like venation

凹痕 retuse：(adj)有凹痕的，有圆形凹痕的(通常。参照顶点) notched, with a rounded indentation (usu. in reference to an apex)

皱巴巴的 rugose：(adj)皱巴巴的wrinkled

S

矢状的 sagittate：(adj)形状像箭头的;三角形，具二锐尖，基部裂片尖向下 shaped like an arrowhead; triangular, with two acute, basal lobes pointing downward

粗糙的 scabrous：(adj)粗糙的 rough

分隔的septate：(adj)有一个或多个分区 having one or more partitions

连续的 seriate：(adj)一排排排列的 arranged in rows

有锯齿的 serrate：(adj)有齿向先端倾斜，当参考叶或小叶边缘 having teeth angled toward the apex, when in reference to leaf or leaflet margins

有细锯齿的 serrulate：(adj)细锯齿的 minutely serrate

无梗的sessile：(adj)没有叶柄(叶)或花梗(花)的；直接连接到阀杆上 lacking a petiole (of leaves) or pedicel (of flowers); attached directly to the stem

匙形的 spathulate：(adj)匙形的，最宽的点在先端之前，向基部逐渐变细 spatula-like in shape, with the widest point just before the apex and tapering toward the base

棘 spine：(n)尖尖的变形的叶、托叶或根 a sharp-pointed modified leaf, stipule, or root

距 spur：(n)树枝或茎的小而致密的分枝，能生叶、花和/或果实;囊状结构：在一些萼片和花瓣上或中间发现的囊状的，通常是细长的结构 a small, compact offshoot of a branch or stem which can bear leaves, flowers, and/or fruits; also, a sac-like, often elongate structure found on or among some sepals and petals

有柄的stipitate：(adj)有茎的having a stalk

规定的 stipulate：(adj)有规定的 having stipules

托叶 stipule：(n)叶状或鳞片状的附属物，通常成对出现在叶柄的基部 leaf-like or scale-like appendage of the leaf, usually occurring in pairs at the base of the petiole

托叶 stipuloid：(adj)类似托叶resembling stipules

有条纹的 striate：(adj)有平行的线或条纹 with parallel lines or stripes

小头状的 subcapitate：(adj)有点像头的 somewhat head-like

鼻下 subcarnose：(adj)稍肉质的 slightly fleshy

皮质下的 subcoriaceous：(adj)质地带革质的 somewhat leathery in texture

近齿的 subdentate：(adj)有轻微的或不明显的齿 slightly or inconspicuously toothed

近边缘的 subemarginate：(adj)具一轻微的或不明显的顶端缺口 with a slight or inconspicuous apical notch

近球形的 subglobose：(adj)近似球形的 nearly spherical

下垂的 subpendulous：(adj)微微下垂的 drooping slightly

近梨形的 subpyriform：(adj)近似梨形的 nearly pear-shaped

连续的 subseriate：(adj)以近似行排列的方式排列 arranged in a manner approximating rows

近无柄的 subsessile：(adj)有小的或不明显的叶柄(叶)或花梗(花) having a small or inconspicous petiole (of leaves) or pedicel (of flowers)

钻形 subulate：(adj)锥形；粗壮的，逐渐变细的 awl-shaped; stout and tapering to a fine point

近伞形的 subumbellate：(adj)近伞形的 nearly umbellate

T

被毛tegumen：(n)内种皮 inner seed coat

顶生的 terminal：(adj)从先端伸出的 emerging from the apex

种皮 testa：(n)外种皮 outer seed coat

刺 thorn：(n)一种尖锐的，粗壮的，变型的茎 a sharp, stout, modified stem

毛状结构 trichome：(n)毛状结构 hair-like structure

三叶状的 trifoliolate：(adj)由三片小叶组成的 consisting of three leaflets

截形的 truncate：(adj)在基部或先端方的或扁平的 squared or flattened at the base or at the apex

结节状的 tuberculate：(adj)有结节或疣状突起的 with nodules or wart-like protrusions

U

伞形花序 umbel：(n)一种不确定的花序，其中所有花梗从一个点出现，形成平顶或圆形 an indeterminate inflorescence in which all pedicels emerge from a single point, resulting in a flat-topped or rounded shape

伞形的 umbellate：(adj)伞形的，或有伞形的 umbel-like in shape, or bearing umbels

波浪形的 undulate：(adj)微卷的；波浪形的 wavy

单叶的 unifoliolate：(adj)由单叶组成的(指复叶) consisting of a single leaflet (in reference to a compound leaf)

V

棒状的 virgate：(adj)细长而笔直的 slender and straight

Glossary

A